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Manizales es la capital del departamento de Caldas, que forma parte de la zona conocida como la región paisa y del territorio denominado Triángulo del Café, reconocido en el año 2011 como Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad (UNESCO) bajo el nombre de Paisaje Cultural Cafetero. Se encuentra localizada en el centro occidente de Colombia, sobre la Cordillera Central de los Andes a menos de 2.200 m.s.n.m.
Presenta un clima cálido con una temperatura promedio de 18°C, que oscila entre los 22°C y los 12°C. La flora predominante en la región es característica del ecosistema de bosque húmedo, mientras que la ciudad se encuentra rodeada por escenarios de páramo y termales que se ubican en el área del Nevado del Ruiz.
Reseña Histórica
Durante la época pre-hispánica fue habitada por los indígenas de la Cultura Quimbaya, que se destacaron por su orfebrería en oro. Posteriormente hizo parte del área colonizada por los antioqueños, periodo que se desarrolló desde inicios del siglo XIX y se afianzó hacia el año 1834.
En 1880 hasta comienzo del siglo XX, la actividad caficultora tomó fuerzas logrando constituirse como un factor importante que impulsaba el crecimiento de la ciudad, generando un aumento en el número de cultivos de café en la zona. Es así como en el año 1905, teniendo en cuenta la fuerza de las actividades relacionadas con el cultivo y la producción del café, sumado a la densidad demográfica, Manizales fue nombrada como capital del Viejo Caldas, antiguo departamento que también estaba conformado por las ciudades de Pereira y Armenia.
Siguiendo con su desarrollo, resultado del auge del café, durante el periodo comprendido por los años 1905 y 1912 se culminó la construcción del sistema de cable aéreo que permitió disminuir el tiempo del transporte del café y otros productos.
La ciudad sufrió tres grandes incendios, en los años 1922, 1925 y 1926, los cuales afectaron gravemente a la metrópoli; así mismo se vio afectada por los sismos de 1906 y 1925 (los daños por este sismo no fueron tan grandes dado que la ciudad ya había sufrido un grave incendio). Posteriormente, en 1928, llega a Manizales el sistema de transporte ferroviario y se empieza el desarrollo de nuevos barrios.
En el año 1966 el departamento del Viejo Caldas se desintegró, hecho que permitió la creación de los departamentos de Caldas, Risaralda y Quindío.
Actividad Económica
Las actividades realizadas entorno al café han permitido el desarrollo de la ciudad a lo largo de su historia, así mismo la industria que existe en la zona también ha servido para impulsar la economía de la ciudad. Las principales actividades industriales se encuentran representadas en fábricas de: calzado, cauchos, chocolates, licores, dulces y jabones.
Gracias a su empuje, Manizales se ha caracterizado por ser una ciudad que ofrece un espacio para los negocios, promoviendo el emprendimiento y las actividades comerciales. Por tal razón fue merecedora del Premio Iberoamericano de Ciudades Digitales en los años 2007 y 2008, en las categorías Ciudad Mediana y Ciudad Empresarial respectivamente; así mismo fue reconocida, según el informe anual Doing Business, entre las ciudades de Colombia que tienen las características adecuadas para facilitar el desarrollo de negocios.
Folklore
Las tradiciones y costumbres manizalitas se encuentran estrechamente ligadas a su historia, marcada por dos momentos que han definido a Manizales como es hoy en día: la llegada de los españoles y la colonización antioqueña; es así que expresiones artísticas como el pasodoble y el tango, se hacen presentes en su cultura. Durante la Feria de Manizales, se hace más evidente la influencia de España, a través de actividades como la corrida de toros y el desfile de las manolas españolas, quienes muestran una vestimenta tradicional de la península ibérica.
Arquitectura
Las construcciones en Manizales han ido recogiendo a través del tiempo elementos arquitectónicos que definen su estilo, es así como algunas edificaciones están hechas de guadua y madera, y otras están construidas a partir de hierro y hormigón; siendo estas últimas correspondientes a un estilo republicano, como es el caso de la Catedral Basílica Nuestra Señora del Rosario de Manizales, templo que ha sido reconocido como monumento nacional.
La ciudad conserva su esencia histórica y arquitectónica en el centro de la ciudad, por las construcciones que ahí se encuentran reunidas. Parques y plazas también hacen parte del paisaje arquitectónico y urbano de la ciudad, entre los que están la Plaza de Bolívar y el Parque Observatorio de Chipre.
Gastronomía
La cultura culinaria de Manizales tiene como ingrediente fundamental a los fríjoles, a partir de los cuales se preparan platos típicos como la bandeja paisa y la cazuela. Preparaciones como el asorrete (plato de carne de res con tocino) y lengua en salsa también hacen parte de la comida tradicional manizalita; así como los tradicionales buñuelos y arepas, que a su vez forman parte de la gastronomía típica colombiana.
Entre los dulces y bebidas, se destacan la Macana (una natilla preparada con leche, huevo, galletas y azúcar), la mazamorra de maíz con panela, aguapanela con queso y la Mistela, bebida dulce hecha a base de aguardiente, almíbar y hierbas (manzanilla y mejorana).